社会保障评论

中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化，也是老年人口规模巨大的现代化。新时代中国人口老龄化的快速发展给健全社会保障体系带来新的挑战，同时在老年人主要生活来源变化等方面也反映出我国社会保障体系发展对亿万老年人生活带来的深刻改变。本文通过对2020年第七次全国人口普查数据中老年人状况的分析，揭示了我国人口老龄化的现状和地区差异与社会保障压力的联系、老年人自评健康状况及其变化对长期护理保险制度的影响、社会保障制度发展在老年人主要生活来源上带来的变化等。2020年人口普查数据表明，中国老年人状况已经出现了多个历史性的转变：中国城镇老年人数首次超过农村老年人数，首次成为全世界百岁老年人最多的国家，首次有半数以上的老年人自评身体健康，离退休金养老金首次成为中国老年人的最主要生活来源。这些巨大变化为社会保障体系发展提供了坚实基础，也为扎实推进共同富裕指明了方向。

Chinese modernization is characterized by the modernization of a large population,including a significant elderly population. Rapid population aging in China in recent years presents new challenges to the social security system. Furthermore, changes in the primary sources of income for the elderly reflect the profound impact of China's social security system on the lives of millions of elderly individuals. Using data from the Seventh National Population Census conducted in 2020, this paper analyzes the current state of China's aging population, the link between regional dif ferences and social security deficits, the impact of self-assessed health status and its changes on long-term care insurance, and the ef fects of the social security system on the main economic resources of the elderly.The 2020 Census data indicate several historic changes in China's elderly population:(1)the number of urban elderly people exceeds the number of rural elderly people,(2)China has the largest number of centenarians worldwide,(3)over half of older adults assess themselves as healthy, and(4)pensions have become the most significant source of livelihood for the elderly. These dramatic changes provide a solid foundation for the development of the social security system and point the way to solid progress toward common prosperity.